Used as a key building block in the synthesis of expanded porphyrins and other macrocyclic compounds that serve in photodynamic therapy, catalysis, and molecular sensing. Its structural flexibility allows for the formation of conjugated systems useful in organic electronics and light-harvesting materials. Also employed in the development of anion sensors due to its ability to bind ions through hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. Shows potential in dye-sensitized solar cells and as a precursor for functional materials in supramolecular chemistry.