Used in metallurgy to improve the strength and workability of alloys, especially in chromium, molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium alloys. Enhances high-temperature stability and oxidation resistance in superalloys for aerospace and industrial applications. Employed in the production of yttrium-stabilized zirconia, a key material for oxygen sensors and fuel cells. Serves as a precursor in the synthesis of yttrium oxide for phosphors in LED lighting and display technologies. Utilized in research settings for thin film deposition and semiconductor doping. Also applied in the development of superconducting materials and medical isotopes when processed in nuclear reactors.