Etamivan is primarily used as a respiratory stimulant in medical settings. It is often administered to patients experiencing respiratory depression, particularly in cases where other treatments are not effective. The compound works by stimulating the central nervous system, enhancing the drive to breathe, and improving ventilation. It is sometimes utilized in emergency situations to support patients with compromised respiratory function, such as those recovering from anesthesia or suffering from drug overdose. Additionally, Etamivan has been explored for its potential in treating conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory disorders where increased respiratory effort is beneficial. Its application, however, is carefully monitored due to the risk of side effects, including agitation or seizures, especially at higher doses.