UWA-101 hydrochloride is primarily utilized in neuroscience research due to its role as a serotonin transporter inhibitor. It is often employed in studies investigating the modulation of serotonin levels in the brain, which is crucial for understanding mood disorders, anxiety, and depression. Researchers use it to explore the pharmacological effects of serotonin reuptake inhibition, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for mental health conditions. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in preclinical studies to model and analyze the behavioral and neurochemical effects associated with altered serotonin signaling. Its application extends to the development of novel antidepressant drugs, where it helps in evaluating efficacy and mechanisms of action.