Tris buffer salt is widely used in biological and biochemical research due to its effective buffering capacity in the pH range of 7.0 to 9.0. It is commonly employed in electrophoresis, especially in DNA and protein gel electrophoresis, where it helps maintain a stable pH environment for accurate separation of molecules. It is a key component in running buffers such as TAE (Tris-acetate-EDTA) and TBE (Tris-borate-EDTA) used in agarose gel electrophoresis.

In molecular biology, Tris buffer is used in DNA extraction, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and restriction enzyme digestion to ensure optimal pH for enzyme activity. It is also utilized in cell lysis buffers and protein purification processes, providing pH stability during sample preparation.

In pharmaceutical formulations, Tris serves as a stabilizing agent in vaccines and injectable drugs, helping maintain pH during storage and delivery. Its low reactivity with metal ions and good solubility in water make it suitable for use in enzyme assays and spectrophotometric analysis.

Additionally, Tris buffer is used in industrial applications such as in the production of cosmetics and diagnostic kits, where consistent pH control is essential.