Used in biochemistry and molecular biology for maintaining a stable pH during electrophoresis, particularly in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for the separation of proteins and nucleic acids. Provides consistent ion conductivity and supports proper protein migration by stabilizing the pH in the gel system. Commonly used in SDS-PAGE and native PAGE applications. Also employed in cell lysis and protein extraction protocols where pH control is critical. Its buffering capacity around pH 7.0–8.0 makes it suitable for preserving the integrity of biological samples during analysis.