Used in specialty optical materials, particularly in the production of fluoride glass for fiber optics and laser systems due to its high refractive index and low optical loss. Employed as a dopant in scintillation detectors for medical imaging and radiation detection, enhancing sensitivity and resolution. Applied in research settings for developing luminescent materials and solid-state lasers, where it contributes to efficient light emission in the visible and near-infrared range. Also utilized in the synthesis of advanced ceramic materials requiring high thermal and chemical stability.