AZ-33 is primarily used in research settings as a selective agonist for the sigma-1 receptor, making it a valuable tool in neuroscience and pharmacology studies. It is employed to investigate the role of sigma-1 receptors in cellular protection, neuroplasticity, and modulation of neurotransmitter systems. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, AZ-33 is useful in studies related to neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and neuropathic pain. Researchers also utilize AZ-33 to explore potential therapeutic pathways in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke, where sigma-1 receptor activation may offer neuroprotective benefits. Its application remains confined to preclinical research, aiding in the development of novel central nervous system therapeutics.