Litronesib racemate is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly as a kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor. By targeting KSP, it disrupts mitotic spindle formation, preventing cancer cells from dividing and proliferating. This mechanism makes it a promising candidate for treating various cancers, including solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Research focuses on its efficacy in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance treatment outcomes. Additionally, studies explore its role in overcoming drug resistance in certain cancer types, offering a potential pathway for more effective therapeutic strategies. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and effectiveness in human patients.