LOXO-292, also known as Selpercatinib, is primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer that are driven by specific genetic alterations. It is particularly effective in targeting cancers with RET gene mutations or fusions, which are often found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and other thyroid cancers. By inhibiting the RET protein, LOXO-292 helps to block the signaling pathways that promote cancer cell growth and survival. This targeted therapy offers a more precise approach compared to traditional chemotherapy, often resulting in fewer side effects and improved outcomes for patients with RET-altered cancers. It is typically administered orally, making it convenient for long-term treatment regimens. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in shrinking tumors and improving progression-free survival in patients with advanced or metastatic RET-driven cancers.