Olutasidenib is primarily used in the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a specific mutation in the IDH1 gene. It works by inhibiting the mutated IDH1 enzyme, which helps to reduce the production of abnormal metabolites that promote cancer cell growth. This targeted therapy is particularly beneficial for patients who have not responded well to conventional treatments. By restoring normal cellular differentiation, it offers a promising approach to managing this aggressive form of leukemia. It is typically administered orally, allowing for convenient outpatient treatment. Clinical trials have shown its efficacy in improving survival rates and reducing disease burden in eligible patients.