Pomalidomide is primarily used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. It is often prescribed for patients who have not responded well to other treatments, such as lenalidomide or bortezomib. The drug works by modulating the immune system, enhancing the body's ability to attack cancer cells, and inhibiting the growth of blood vessels that supply tumors. It is typically administered in combination with dexamethasone to improve its effectiveness. Pomalidomide is also being investigated for its potential use in other hematologic malignancies and autoimmune diseases due to its immunomodulatory properties. Patients taking this medication are closely monitored for side effects, including blood clots and low blood cell counts.