Used in diagnostic testing for thyroid function, particularly to assess the responsiveness of the pituitary gland in patients with suspected hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Helps differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary thyroid disorders by stimulating the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary. Also used in research settings to study hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis regulation. Investigated for potential therapeutic use in central nervous system disorders due to its neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects, including depression, epilepsy, and spinal cord injury.