TAS-103 is primarily utilized in medical research, particularly in the field of oncology as an anticancer agent. It functions by inhibiting topoisomerase II, an enzyme crucial for DNA replication and cell division, thereby preventing the proliferation of cancer cells. This makes it a candidate for the treatment of various types of cancers, including solid tumors and leukemia. Additionally, TAS-103 has been studied for its potential to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy. Its application is often explored in combination with other anticancer drugs to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce the likelihood of resistance development. However, TAS-103 remains in the research and clinical trial stages to thoroughly evaluate its safety and efficacy in humans.