Vosaroxin is primarily used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in patients who are older or have relapsed or refractory forms of the disease. It works by inhibiting topoisomerase II, an enzyme involved in DNA replication and repair, leading to cancer cell death. The drug is often investigated in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its efficacy. Clinical trials have explored its potential to improve survival rates and manage difficult-to-treat AML cases. Its application is focused on providing a therapeutic option for patients with limited treatment alternatives.