(±)-Vesamicol hydrochloride is primarily used in neuroscience research to study the cholinergic system, which is crucial for understanding neurotransmission processes. It acts as an inhibitor of vesicular acetylcholine transport, making it a valuable tool in investigating the storage and release mechanisms of acetylcholine in nerve cells. This compound is often employed in experimental studies to explore the effects of acetylcholine depletion on cognitive functions, memory, and neuromuscular signaling. Additionally, it is utilized in pharmacological research to develop and test potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, where cholinergic dysfunction plays a significant role. Its application extends to studying synaptic plasticity and the role of acetylcholine in learning and memory processes.