Used as a coagulant in water and wastewater treatment to remove suspended solids, phosphates, and other contaminants. It helps clarify water by forming flocs that settle easily. Commonly applied in municipal sewage treatment and industrial effluent processing. Also used in soil stabilization and dust control on construction sites. In the printing industry, it serves as a mordant in dyeing processes. Additionally, employed in the regeneration of etching solutions in metal processing.