Used as a coagulant in water and wastewater treatment to remove suspended solids, phosphates, and other contaminants. It helps clarify water by forming flocs that trap impurities, making them easier to filter out. Commonly applied in municipal sewage treatment and industrial effluent systems. Also utilized in the production of ink, dyes, and in soil stabilization. Effective in controlling odor in wastewater systems by reducing hydrogen sulfide formation. Applied in the mining industry for metal recovery and acid mine drainage treatment.