Used as a precursor in the synthesis of luminescent materials and optical coatings due to its favorable emission properties in the visible and near-infrared range. Employed in research settings for doping phosphors and scintillators, enhancing detection efficiency in radiation sensors. Applied in catalyst development for organic transformations, particularly in esterification and polymerization reactions. Investigated for use in medical imaging and radiotherapy as a stable carrier for targeted delivery systems. Also utilized in the preparation of thin films and nanomaterials via sol-gel and deposition techniques.