Used as high-capacity drug delivery carriers due to their large surface area and tunable pore size, enabling controlled release of therapeutic agents. Employed in catalysis as supports for metal nanoparticles, enhancing reaction efficiency and stability. Applied in chromatography and separation science for selective adsorption and purification of biomolecules. Utilized in diagnostic imaging when functionalized with fluorescent or magnetic tags. Also explored in cosmetic formulations for sustained release of active ingredients and improved skin penetration.