Used as a ligand in coordination chemistry to form metal complexes with catalytic activity, particularly in transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Its rigid aromatic structure enhances stability and selectivity in catalytic systems. Employed in the development of luminescent sensors and optical materials due to its ability to chelate metal ions like zinc and ruthenium, which are useful in photophysical applications. Also investigated in supramolecular chemistry for constructing metallosupramolecular assemblies and functional polymers with stimuli-responsive properties.