NBQX is primarily used in neuroscience research as a selective antagonist of AMPA receptors, which are involved in fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. It helps in studying excitatory neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. Researchers use NBQX to block AMPA receptor activity in experimental models, allowing them to investigate the role of these receptors in processes like learning, memory, and neurodegeneration. It is also employed in studies related to epilepsy, stroke, and other conditions involving glutamate excitotoxicity, helping to clarify the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier poorly, it is often administered directly into the central nervous system in animal studies.