PACAP 1-27 is primarily involved in neuroprotection and modulation of inflammatory responses. It plays a significant role in protecting neurons from damage in conditions such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. The peptide activates specific receptors in the central nervous system, leading to the upregulation of protective proteins and reduction of oxidative stress.

It is also studied for its ability to regulate immune responses, particularly by suppressing the activation of microglia and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This makes it a candidate for treating neuroinflammatory disorders.

In addition, PACAP 1-27 influences endocrine functions by stimulating hormone secretion, including insulin and adrenal hormones, which has implications for metabolic regulation. Its effects on cellular signaling pathways also support research into tissue repair and regeneration, especially in nerve and retinal tissues.

Due to its short half-life, research focuses on delivery methods such as intranasal administration to enhance brain uptake and therapeutic potential.