Phlogacantholide B is primarily studied for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. It has shown potential in inhibiting key pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cellular models, suggesting possible application in managing inflammatory diseases. Research also indicates that it may suppress the activation of NF-κB, a critical signaling pathway involved in chronic inflammation and autoimmune conditions. Due to these effects, Phlogacantholide B is considered a candidate for developing natural product-based therapeutics targeting inflammation-related disorders, including arthritis and dermatitis. Additionally, it exhibits mild antioxidant activity, which may contribute to its overall protective effects in biological systems. Most studies to date have been preclinical, conducted in vitro or in animal models.