Rocilinostat is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly in hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma and lymphoma. It functions as a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which plays a key role in protein homeostasis, cell motility, and signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. By targeting HDAC6, Rocilinostat disrupts the degradation of misfolded proteins in cancer cells, leading to cellular stress and apoptosis. It has shown synergistic effects when combined with proteasome inhibitors like bortezomib, enhancing anti-tumor activity. Due to its selectivity, Rocilinostat may offer a better safety profile compared to broader HDAC inhibitors, reducing off-target effects. Clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy and optimal use in combination regimens.