Used in thermoelectric devices due to its high efficiency in converting heat to electricity, especially in alloys like bismuth telluride for cooling and power generation. Added to lead and steel alloys to improve machinability and corrosion resistance. Employed in semiconductor industry for infrared detectors and optical storage media. Found in cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, offering low-cost, thin-film photovoltaic technology. Also used in catalysts for petroleum cracking and in vulcanization of rubber to enhance durability.