VLX1570 is primarily investigated for its application in cancer therapy, specifically as a proteasome inhibitor targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It shows potential in treating multiple myeloma and other hematological malignancies by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Unlike some proteasome inhibitors, VLX1570 selectively targets the deubiquitinating enzymes, particularly USP14, which plays a key role in protein degradation regulation. This mechanism helps disrupt the ability of cancer cells to manage misfolded proteins, leading to cellular stress and death. It has been studied in preclinical models and was advanced into clinical trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients. Its development represents a novel approach in overcoming resistance to existing proteasome inhibitors.