Used as a mordant in dyeing textiles to improve color fastness and brightness. Employed in the tanning of leather to enhance resistance to heat and water. Serves as a precursor in the synthesis of zirconium-based catalysts and ceramics. Applied in water treatment processes for the removal of impurities and phosphates due to its coagulant properties. Utilized in the formulation of antiperspirants and cosmetic products for its astringent characteristics. Also found in some refractory materials and in the production of specialty glasses.