Used as an ion-exchange material in nuclear reactors to remove radioactive ions from coolant streams. Effective in wastewater treatment for capturing heavy metal ions due to its high thermal and chemical stability. Employed in fuel cells as a proton-conducting membrane because of its ability to retain protons at elevated temperatures. Acts as a catalyst support in organic synthesis, especially in dehydration and esterification reactions. Utilized in the development of sensors and electrochemical devices owing to its ion-conducting properties. Shows promise in drug delivery systems where controlled release is required due to its layered structure and biocompatibility.