Used in neuroscience and clinical research to quantify S100B protein levels in biological samples such as serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. Enables assessment of astrocyte activation and neuronal injury, making it valuable in studies related to traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, and neuroinflammation. Commonly applied in biomarker validation, drug development, and monitoring disease progression in both preclinical and experimental settings. Provides a sensitive and specific means to evaluate blood-brain barrier integrity and glial responses in various pathological conditions.