Used in biomedical research to quantify S100 protein levels in biological samples such as serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue homogenates. Helps in studying neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, as S100 protein is involved in neuroinflammation and glial cell activation. Also applied in cancer research, particularly in melanoma and glioma, where elevated S100 levels correlate with tumor progression and metastasis. Supports investigation of inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases by measuring S100 as a biomarker of cellular stress and damage. The ELISA format allows for high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput in both clinical and preclinical settings.