2,4-Thiazolidinedione is primarily used in the development of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It serves as a core structure in the synthesis of thiazolidinedione-class drugs, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, which are insulin sensitizers. These drugs work by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), specifically PPAR-gamma, to improve insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, muscle, and the liver. This helps regulate blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Additionally, research has explored its potential in addressing metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and certain cancers due to its PPAR-gamma modulating properties. However, its use is often limited due to associated side effects, such as weight gain and cardiovascular risks.