Used primarily as a buffering agent in biochemical and molecular biology applications, it helps maintain stable pH levels in various experimental setups. It is also employed in the preparation of electrophoresis buffers, ensuring optimal conditions for protein and nucleic acid separation. Additionally, it serves as a stabilizer in enzymatic reactions, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of biochemical assays. In industrial settings, it is utilized in water treatment processes to control pH and improve the effectiveness of other treatment chemicals. Its properties make it suitable for use in cosmetics and personal care products, where it acts as a pH adjuster and conditioning agent.