Canagliflozin hemihydrate is primarily used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, which helps reduce blood glucose levels by promoting the excretion of excess glucose through urine. This mechanism of action not only aids in controlling blood sugar but also contributes to weight loss and a reduction in blood pressure, making it beneficial for patients with diabetes who are overweight or have hypertension. Additionally, it has shown potential in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Canagliflozin hemihydrate is often prescribed as part of a comprehensive diabetes management plan that includes diet, exercise, and other medications.