Dolasetron mesylate is primarily used as an antiemetic to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It works by blocking serotonin receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, which are involved in triggering the vomiting reflex. This makes it particularly effective for patients undergoing cancer treatment or those recovering from anesthesia post-surgery. It is often administered orally or intravenously, depending on the patient's condition and the severity of symptoms. Its ability to provide rapid relief with minimal side effects has made it a valuable option in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).