Anle138b is primarily investigated for its potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those involving protein misfolding and aggregation. It has shown promise in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease, where it inhibits the formation of toxic alpha-synuclein oligomers, which are believed to contribute to neuronal damage. Similarly, in models of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other prion-related disorders, Anle138b reduces the accumulation of abnormal prion proteins and delays disease progression. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier enhances its effectiveness in targeting central nervous system pathologies. Research is also exploring its utility in Alzheimer’s disease by modulating amyloid-beta and tau aggregation. Due to its neuroprotective properties and oral bioavailability, Anle138b is considered a candidate for disease-modifying therapies in neurodegeneration, though it remains under experimental investigation and has not yet reached clinical use.