Alisertib is a selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase, a protein involved in cell division and mitotic regulation. It is primarily investigated for its anticancer properties, especially in the treatment of various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Due to its ability to disrupt mitosis and induce apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells, alisertib has shown promise in clinical trials for cancers such as peripheral T-cell lymphoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and small cell lung cancer. It is often studied in cases where standard therapies have failed, highlighting its potential as a targeted therapy for resistant or aggressive cancers. Research also explores its use in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance efficacy and overcome drug resistance.