Used in organic electronics as an electron-accepting building block in the synthesis of conjugated polymers and small molecules for organic solar cells. Its strong electron-deficient character enhances charge separation and improves photovoltaic performance. Also employed in fluorescent sensors due to its distinct optical properties, enabling detection of specific analytes through fluorescence quenching or color shifts. Serves as a key intermediate in cross-coupling reactions to construct complex π-conjugated systems for field-effect transistors and light-emitting diodes.