Used as a catalyst in automotive exhaust systems to reduce harmful emissions by promoting the oxidation of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Also applied in glass polishing due to its high efficiency in achieving smooth, clear surfaces on optical and display glass. Employed in fuel cells as a component of electrolytes to enhance ion conductivity at lower temperatures. Utilized in the textile and plastic industries as a stabilizer and color enhancer. Commonly used in research laboratories for doping materials to improve thermal and electrical properties.