SCH 58261 is primarily used in scientific research as a selective antagonist for the adenosine A2A receptor. It is commonly employed in neuroscience studies to investigate the role of A2A receptors in motor control, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. By blocking these receptors, SCH 58261 helps researchers understand the signaling pathways involved in dopamine modulation, particularly in the basal ganglia. It has also been used in animal models to explore potential therapeutic strategies for movement disorders and psychiatric conditions. Due to its high selectivity and blood-brain barrier permeability, it is a valuable tool in pharmacological studies aiming to dissect adenosine receptor functions in both central and peripheral systems.