TRAM-34 is primarily used in biomedical research as a selective inhibitor of the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (IK channel), also known as KCa3.1 or SK4. This channel plays a key role in regulating membrane potential and calcium signaling in various cell types, especially in immune cells, endothelial cells, and certain cancer cells. One of the main applications of TRAM-34 is in the study of immune responses. By blocking IK channels in T lymphocytes and macrophages, it suppresses their activation and proliferation, making it a valuable tool for investigating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It has shown potential in reducing inflammation in models of diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. TRAM-34 is also used in cancer research. IK channels are overexpressed in several tumor types, where they contribute to cell migration, invasion, and tumor angiogenesis. Inhibiting these channels with TRAM-34 has been shown to reduce tumor growth and metastasis in preclinical models, particularly in glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. Additionally, TRAM-34 has been applied in studies of sickle cell disease. It helps prevent the dehydration of sickle red blood cells by inhibiting the Gardos channel (a form of the IK channel), thereby reducing cell sickling and improving blood flow. Due to its relatively high selectivity and low toxicity, TRAM-34 is widely used in vitro and in vivo to probe the physiological and pathological roles of IK channels, and it serves as a lead compound for developing new therapeutic agents targeting ion channels.