Widely used in physiological research to maintain cell viability during experiments, this solution provides a balanced electrolyte environment that supports cellular functions. It is commonly employed in tissue and organ bath studies, especially in cardiovascular and smooth muscle research, where stable pH and ion concentrations are critical. The HEPES buffer system allows for precise pH control without the need for a CO₂ incubator, making it ideal for use in open systems or during microscopy. It is also used in cell isolation procedures, perfusion experiments, and in vitro pharmacological testing where consistent extracellular conditions are required.