Used as a precursor in sol-gel processes to produce zirconia-based materials, which are applied in coatings for optical fibers, corrosion-resistant films, and ceramic thin films. Serves as a crosslinking agent in the formulation of specialty resins and adhesives, enhancing thermal and chemical stability. Employed in the synthesis of catalysts due to zirconia’s acid-base and redox properties. Utilized in the preparation of nanoporous materials and mixed metal oxides for sensors and fuel cell components. Also finds use in the production of hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings when modified with organofunctional silanes.