Widely used in biochemical research for enzyme assays, particularly as a coenzyme in redox reactions involving dehydrogenases. Plays a critical role in cellular metabolism studies, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Employed in diagnostic kits to measure enzyme activity in clinical and industrial settings. Also utilized in the development of biosensors and in anti-aging research due to its involvement in sirtuin-mediated cellular repair pathways. Commonly added to cell culture media to support energy metabolism in experimental models.