Used primarily as a corrosion-resistant coating in metal surface treatment, especially in phosphating processes for steel. It forms a protective layer that enhances paint adhesion and improves durability of metal parts in automotive, aerospace, and machinery industries. Also utilized in dental cements due to its biocompatibility and ability to bond effectively with tooth structure, providing long-term stability in restorative dentistry. Additionally, serves as an anti-corrosive pigment in primers and industrial coatings, offering protection in harsh environments.