Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in esterification and transesterification reactions. It promotes the formation of esters from alcohols and carboxylic acids under mild conditions. Also applied in the preparation of zirconia-based materials for coatings and ceramics due to its thermal stability. Shows utility in surface modification of nanoparticles, enhancing dispersion and reactivity in composite materials. Its low toxicity compared to other metal catalysts makes it suitable for applications requiring environmental and safety considerations.