Used in refractory materials due to its high melting point and thermal stability, making it suitable for linings in high-temperature furnaces and aerospace components. Commonly applied in ceramic cutting tools and wear-resistant coatings because of its extreme hardness and resistance to abrasion. Employed in nuclear reactors as a component in fuel coatings, where it helps contain fission products and withstand neutron irradiation. Also utilized in the production of advanced composites for extreme environments, including hypersonic flight and rocket propulsion systems. Shows promise in semiconductor and electronic applications as a diffusion barrier and conductive layer in microelectronics.