a naturally occurring compound found in cartilage, particularly in the joints of animals and humans. It is commonly used as a supplement, often in combination with glucosamine, to support joint health

a resin derived from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species (like American Mayapple or Indian Podophyllum). It's a crude mixture containing several cytotoxic lignans, the most active being podophyllotoxin. It is typically prepared as a 10-25% solution or tincture for topical application.

a sodium salt of salcaprozic acid, commonly used as an absorption enhancer in pharmaceutical formulations. It improves the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs by facilitating their transport across biological membranes, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract.