Lactic acid is widely used in the food and beverage industry as an acidulant and preservative, enhancing flavor and extending shelf life. It helps control pH and inhibits the growth of spoilage-causing microorganisms in products like dairy, meats, and beverages. In the pharmaceutical sector, lactic acid is used in formulations for its keratolytic properties, aiding in the treatment of skin conditions such as acne, warts, and dry skin. It promotes exfoliation and improves skin texture and tone. The cosmetic industry utilizes lactic acid in skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging effects. It is a key ingredient in chemical peels and anti-aging creams due to its ability to stimulate collagen production and improve skin hydration. In industrial applications, lactic acid serves as a precursor for biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), used in eco-friendly packaging, disposable plastics, and medical implants. It is also employed in leather tanning, textile dyeing, and as a green alternative to harsh acids in cleaning products.