Used primarily in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera, pipobroman acts as an alkylating agent that suppresses bone marrow activity. It helps reduce elevated white blood cell and red blood cell counts in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Due to its myelosuppressive effects, it is carefully dosed to manage disease symptoms and reduce the risk of thrombosis. Its use has declined over time due to the availability of newer agents with better safety profiles, but it has been valued for its oral bioavailability and effectiveness in controlling hematological parameters.